Ensuring the safety of disabled people in emergency situations: some aspects of normative legal regulation

Authors:

Ryabtsev Mikhail Viktorovich, head of the Department of professional and psychological rehabilitation of disabled people of the Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +79112352573; e-mail: 6wonder@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-6093.

Sokurov Andrey Vladimirovich, Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Dr. Med. Sci), Director of the Institute of Early Care and Support of the Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +79117598554; e-mail: ansokurov@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-2895.

Ermolenko Tatiana Valerievna, PhD in Medical sciences (PhD Med. Sci), Deputy Director of the Institute of Early Care and Support, Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +79110931570; e-mail: tatvalerm@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-5417.

Annotation:

Introduction. The solution of a wide range of security issues in modern society with the active development of information technologies requires constant clarification of conditions, expansion of coverage, use of new organizational approaches. The ever-decreasing number of disabled people living in inpatient social protection institutions, the active development of assisted living technologies in the Russian Federation against the background of an unstable geopolitical and sanitary-epidemiological situation actualize the problem of ensuring the safety of disabled people in emergency situations.

Aim. Analysis of the normative legal regulation of the issues of ensuring the safety of persons with disabilities in emergency situations from the point of view of taking into account the impact of life restrictions on the interaction of persons with disabilities with the forces and means of the unified state system of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations.

Materials and methods. The normative legal and methodological documentation, special literature, data from information system of federal executive authorities, subjects of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters are studied.

Results and discussion. The approaches to the study of the impact of disability restrictions on the effectiveness of measures to ensure their safety in emergency situations are determined. It has been revealed that in the considered normative legal acts regulating the issues of protection of the population and territories from natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, only the quantitative characteristics of the presence of disabled persons on the objects (territories) to be protected are taken into account, without taking into account the limitations of life activity of these citizens.

Summary. One of the aspects of a comprehensive solution to the problem of ensuring the safety of persons with disabilities in emergency situations is to increase the effectiveness of their interaction with the forces of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations during the implementation of measures for the intended purpose. The solution of this problem is possible only if the impact of disability limitations on this indicator is taken into account and this requirement is normatively fixed in regulatory legal acts regulating the organization of protection of the population and territories from natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies at all stages.

List of cited literature:

1. Zashchita invalidov pri stihijnyh bedstviyah i chrezvychajnyh situaciyah [Protection of persons with disabilities in natural disasters and emergencies]. Available at: https://www.un.org/ru/rights/disabilities/ background_1.shtml. (accessed 26.05.2022). (In Russian).

2. O ratifikacii Konvencii o pravah invalidov [On the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]. Federal’nyj zakon ot 3 maya 2012 g. № 46-FZ [The Federal Law of May 3, 2012 N 46-FZ]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_ doc_LAW_411095. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

3. O vnesenii izmenenij v otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii po voprosam social’noj zashchity invalidov v svyazi s ratifikaciej Konvencii o pravah invalidov [On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on social protection of persons with disabilities in connection with the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]. Federal’nyj zakon ot 1 dekabrya 2014 g. № 419-FZ [The Federal Law of December 1, 2014 N 419-FZ]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_
LAW_171577. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

4. O tekhnicheskom regulirovanii [On Technical Regulation]. Federal’nyj zakon ot 27 dekabrya 2002 g. № 184-FZ [The Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/ document/cons_doc_LAW_40241. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

5. Terminy MCHS Rossii. [Terms of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia]. Available at: https:// www.mchs.gov.ru/ministerstvo/o-ministerstve/ terminy-mchs-rossii/term/2706. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

6. GOST R 51898-2002. Gosudarstvennyj standart Rossijskoj Federacii. Aspekty bezopasnosti. Pravila vklyucheniya v standarty [GOST R 51898-2002. The State standard of the Russian Federation. Security aspects. Rules for inclusion in Standards]. Resolution № 228-st of the State Standard of Russia dated June 05, 2002. Available at: https://docs. cntd.ru/document/1200030314. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

7. Selivanov AI, Troshin DV. Kategoriya «uyazvimost’« v ponyatijnom ryadu teorii i praktiki obespecheniya bezopasnosti [Category «vulnerability» in the conceptual series of theory and practice of security]. Bezopasnost’ biznesa [Business security]. 2018; 3:3-11. (In Russian).

8. Kononov DA, Ponomarev NO, Ponomarev RO, Barbashev MP. Regional’nye sistemy: modelirovanie krizisnyh yavlenij i uyazvimost’ [Regional systems: modeling of crisis phenomena and vulnerability]. Upravlenie razvitiem krupnomasshtabnyh sistem: materialy Vos’moj mezhdunarodnoj konferencii: V 2 t. Pod obshch. red. S.N. Vasil’eva, A.D. Cvirkuna. M.: Institut problem upravleniya im. V.A. Trapeznikova RAN [Managing the development of large-scale systems: materials of the Eighth International Conference: In 2 volumes Under the general editorship of SN Vasiliev, AD Tsvirkun]. 2015;1:13-24. (In Russian).

9. GOST R 22.0.02-2016. Nacional’nyj standart Rossijskoj Federacii. Bezopasnost’ v chrezvychajnyh situaciyah. Terminy i opredeleniya [GOST R 22.0.02-2016. National Standard of the Russian Federation. Safety in emergency situations. Terms and Definitions]. Prikaz Rosstandarta ot 12 sentyabrya 2016 g. № 1111-st [Rosstandart Order № 1111-st of September 12, 2016]. Available at: https:// docs.cntd.ru/document/1200139176/titles/7DS0KA. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

10. Koncepciya sozdaniya kompleksnoj sistemy informirovaniya i opoveshcheniya naseleniya pri ugroze i vozniknovenii chrezvychajnyh situacij [The concept of creating a comprehensive system for informing and alerting the population in the event of a threat and occurrence of emergency situations]. Protokol zasedaniya Pravitel’stvennoj komissii po preduprezhdeniyu i likvidacii chrezvychajnyh situacij i obespecheniyu pozharnoj bezopasnosti ot 18 iyunya 2013 g. [Minutes of the meeting of the Government Commission for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations and Fire Safety of June 18, 2013]. Available at: https://www. mchs.gov.ru/deyatelnost/ grazhdanskaya- oborona/ opoveshchenie- naseleniya/ normativno- pravovaya-baza/ koncepciya- sozdaniya- kompleksnoy- sistemy-informirovaniya- i- opoveshcheniya-naseleniya- pri-ugroze- i- vozniknovenii- chrezvychaynyh- situaciy (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

11. O zashchite naseleniya i territorij ot chrezvychajnyh situacij prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo haraktera [On the Protection of the Population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies]. Federal’nyj zakon ot 21 dekabrya 1994 g. № 68-FZ [The Federal Law of December 21, 1994 N 68-FZ]. Available at: http://www. consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_5295. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

12. Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o podgotovke grazhdan Rossijskoj Federacii, inostrannyh grazhdan i lic bez grazhdanstva v oblasti zashchity ot CHS prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo haraktera [On approval of the Regulations on the training of Citizens of the Russian Federation, Foreign Citizens and Stateless persons in the field of protection from natural and man-made emergencies]. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 18 sentyabrya 2020 g. № 1485 [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 18, 2020 N 1485]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

13. Shpakovskij YG, Evtushenko VI. Metodologicheskie osnovy pravovogo regulirovaniya peremeshcheniya (pereseleniya) naseleniya iz postradavshih rajonov pri chrezvychajnyh situaciyah: ponyatijno-kategorial’nyj apparat [Methodological foundations of legal regulation of displacement (resettlement) of the population from affected areas in emergency situations: conceptual and categorical apparatus]. Aktual’nye problemy rossijskogo prava [Actual problems of Russian law]. 2018; 5:214-9. DOI: 10.17803/1994-1471.2018.90.5.214-220. (In Russian).

14. Ob avarijno-spasatel’nyh sluzhbah i statuse spasatelej [On Emergency Rescue Services and the Status of Rescuers]. Federal’nyj zakon ot 22 avgusta 1995 g. № 151-FZ [The Federal Law of August 22, 1995 N 151-FZ]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_ doc_LAW_7746. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

15. GOST R MEK 62508-2014. Nacional’nyj standart Rossijskoj Federacii. Menedzhment riska. Analiz vliyaniya na nadyozhnost’ chelovecheskogo faktora [GOST R IEC 62508-2014. National Standard of the Russian Federation. Risk management. Analysis of the impact on the reliability of the human factor]. Prikaz Rosstandarta ot 17 oktyabrya 2017 g. № 1350-st [Rosstandart Order № 1350-c of October 17, 2014]. Available at: https://docs. cntd.ru/document/1200113803. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

16. O klassifikaciyah i kriteriyah, ispol’zuemyh pri osushchestvlenii mediko-social’noj ekspertizy grazhdan federal’nymi gosudarstvennymi uchrezhdeniyami mediko-social’noj ekspertizy [On classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social expertise of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise]. Prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 27 avgusta 2019 g. N 585n [Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of August 27, 2019 N 585n]. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/ doc/72921006. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

17. Ob utverzhdenii formy protokola provedeniya mediko-social’noj ekspertizy grazhdanina v federal’nom gosudarstvennom uchrezhdenii mediko-social’noj ekspertizy [On approval of the form of the protocol for conducting a medical and social examination of a citizen in a federal state institution of medical and social examination]. Prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 29 dekabrya 2015 g. № 1171n [Order of the Ministry of Labour of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2015 N 1171n]. Available at: https://normativ.kontur.ru/document?mo duleId=1&documentId=334953. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

18. Ob utverzhdenii Poryadka razrabotki i realizacii individual’noj programmy reabilitacii ili abilitacii invalida, individual’noj programmy reabilitacii ili abilitacii rebyonka-invalida, vydavaemyh federal’nymi gosudarstvennymi uchrezhdeniyami mediko-social’noj ekspertizy, i ih form [On Approval of the Procedure for the Development and Implementation of an individual rehabilitation program or habilitation of a disabled person, an individual rehabilitation program or habilitation of a disabled child issued by Federal state institutions of medical and social expertise, and their Forms]. Prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 13 iyunya 2017 g. № 486n [Order of the Ministry of Labour of the Russian Federation of June 13, 2017 N 486n]. Available at: https:// normativ.kontur.ru/document?moduleId=1&document Id=369700. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

19. O gosudarstvennom kontrole (nadzore) i municipal’nom kontrole v Rossijskoj Federacii [On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation]. Federal’nyj zakon ot 31 iyulya 2020 g. № 248-FZ [Federal Law N 248-FZ of July 31, 2020]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/ cons_doc_LAW_358750. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

20. O federal’nom gosudarstvennom nadzore v oblasti zashchity naseleniya i territorij ot chrezvychajnyh situacij (vmeste s «Polozheniem o federal’nom gosudarstvennom nadzore v oblasti zashchity naseleniya i territorij ot chrezvychajnyh situacij») [On Federal State supervision in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations (together with the «Regulations on Federal State supervision in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations»)]. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 25 iyunya 2021 g. N 1013 [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 25, 2021 N 1013]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

21. O federal’nom gosudarstvennom nadzore v oblasti grazhdanskoj oborony» (vmeste s «Polozheniem o federal’nom gosudarstvennom nadzore v oblasti grazhdanskoj oborony») [On Federal State Supervision in the field of civil Defense» (together with the «Regulations on Federal State Supervision in the field of Civil Defense»)]. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 25 iyunya 2021 g. N 1007 [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 25, 2021 N 1007]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_
LAW_388760. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

22. Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o federal’nom gosudarstvennom kontrole (nadzore) v sfere social’nogo obsluzhivaniya [On the approval of the Regulations on Federal State Control (supervision) in the field of social services]. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 25 iyunya 2021 g. N 999 [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 25, 2021 N 999]. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/607100906. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

23. O federal’nom gosudarstvennom sanitarno-epidemiologicheskom kontrole (nadzore) (vmeste s «Polozheniem o federal’nom gosudarstvennom sanitarno-epidemiologicheskom kontrole (nadzore)» [On Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Control (supervision) (together with the «Regulations on Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Control (Supervision)»]. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 30 iyunya 2021 g. N 1100 [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2021 N 1100]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_389344. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

24. O federal’nom gosudarstvennom pozharnom nadzore» (vmeste s «Polozheniem o federal’nom gosudarstvennom pozharnom nadzore») [On Federal State Fire Supervision» (together with the «Regulations on Federal State Fire Supervision»)]. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 12 aprelya 2012 g. N 290 [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 12, 2012 N 290]. Available at: https:// www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_128492. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).

25. Perechen’ normativnyh pravovyh aktov (ih otdel’nyh polozhenij), soderzhashchih obyazatel’nye trebovaniya, ocenka soblyudeniya kotoryh osushchestvlyaetsya v ramkah federal’nogo gosudarstvennogo nadzora v oblasti zashchity naseleniya i territorij ot chrezvychajnyh situacij [The list of regulatory legal acts (their separate provisions) containing mandatory requirements, the assessment of compliance with which is carried out within the framework of federal state supervision in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations]. Utverzhdyon MCHS Rossii [Approved by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia]. Available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_128492. (accessed 24.05.2022). (In Russian).