Lorer Viktoria Valer’evna – PhD in Psychological Sciences (Cand. Psy. Sci.), Director of the Federal Methodological and Methodological Center for the Development of Early Care for Children and Their Families, Leading Researcher of the Department of Social and Professional Rehabilitation and Habilitation of Disabled Persons, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; associate professor of the Department of General and Clinical Psychology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6-8 L’va Tolstogo Street, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: lorer@list.ru.
Malkova Sofia Viacheslavovna – educator of the department of project-methodological work of the federal methodological and methodological center for the development of early care for children and their families, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: malkovas@center-albreht.ru.
In the heading: Original researches
Year: 2024 Volume: 6 Journal number: 3
Pages: 121-132
Article type: scientific and practical
UDC: 616-053.3:316.356.2:364.44
DOI: 10.26211/2658-4522-2024-6-3-121-132
Introduction. In 2021, early care received a new impetus for development, becoming a key component of the system of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of children with disabilities, providing timely quality interdisciplinary assistance to families in order to prevent childhood disability. In recent years, steps have been taken to improve early care, including the implementation of standard programs for the development of a system of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of disabled persons, the development of a comprehensive interdepartmental plan to improve early care for children and their families, and the monitoring of the condition of early care for children and their families using the statistical observation form No. 1-RP. These steps culminated in Federal Law No. 651-FZ of December 25, 2023, which approved the concept of early care as a separate area of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities.
Aim. The aim of the study is to assess the levels and dynamics of development of early care for children and their families in the Russian Federation.
Materials and methods. The study was based on the annual monitoring of the condition of early care for children and their families in the Russian Federation for 2019-2023. The analysis included data from 85 (87) regions of the Russian Federation obtained from the statistical observation form No. 1-RP. The study covered indicators of the infrastructure of the early care system, the target group of children and the personnel supply. Quantitative, comparative and qualitative analysis, as well as graphical presentation of the results were used for data processing.
Results. The number of children in need of early help shows heterogeneous dynamics over the period under review. There is a positive trend in the coverage of children with early help services – from 82.0% in 2019 to 91.8% in 2023. There is an overall increase in the number of professionals providing early help services, from 29372 in 2019 to 41853 in 2023, which indicates the strengthening of the human resource capacity of the system. The percentage of professionals trained in early help professional development programs increased from 22.5% in 2021 to 28.2% in 2023. There is a steady increase in the number of organizations providing early help services, from 5108 in 2019 to 7296 in 2023. The average growth rate for the period under review amounted to 9.5%, which indicates the systematic development of the early help infrastructure in accordance with the state policy in this area.
Discussion. Early care plays an important role in comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation, providing timely interdisciplinary support to children and their families in order to prevent childhood disability. In 2023, the level of coverage of families with early help amounted to 91.8%, which was possible, among other things, due to the implementation of measures of the Comprehensive Interagency Plan to improve early care.
Conclusion. In the Russian Federation, there has been a steady development of the early care system, manifested in the expansion of the network of organizations providing early intervention services to children and their families, an increase in the number of specialists, including those who have received advanced training in early care, and an increase in the coverage of the target group. Despite the successes achieved, there is still a need for further improvement of the early help care system within the framework of the current legislation.
Keywords: comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation, early care, early intervention, infants, target group of children, toddlers
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