Assessment of the ability to self-care and perform daily tasks in patients after knee and hip arthroplasty

Authors:

Kustova Oksana Vyacheslavovna – PhD in Medical sciences (Cand. Med. Sci.), associate professor, head of the Center for Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medkal and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; associate professor of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, 47 Piskarevskiy Avenue, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: o.v.kustova.med@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1408-7492.

Khoziainova Stella Samvelovna – Lecturer of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of the Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russian Federation; assistant of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 47 Piskarevskiy Avenue, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; assistant of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medkal and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: stella.khozyainova@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-6018.

Ponomarenko Gennadiy Nikolaevich — Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Dr. Med. Sci), Professor, Director General of the Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Head of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 47 Piskarevskiy Avenue, 195067, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: ponomarenko_g@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-4473.

Zavyalova Ekaterina Dmitrievna – 6th year student of the Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mayakovsky St., 12, St. Petersburg, 191014, Russian Federation; e-mail: zavyalova.ecaterina@yandex.ru; http://orcid.org/0009-0000-2560-7560.

Annotation:

Introduction. Physical and rehabilitation medicine offers innovative approaches to the recovery of patients after knee and hip arthroplasty. The integration of advanced technologies into the rehabilitation process is of particular scientific and practical interest, since it can significantly affect the ability of patients to self-care and perform everyday tasks, which determines the relevance of this study.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of an improved comprehensive rehabilitation program using high-tech techniques in relation to the restoration of self-care skills and the performance of everyday tasks in patients who underwent knee and hip arthroplasty.

Materials and methods. The study involved 40 patients after endoprosthetics of large joints of the lower extremities. The rehabilitation program included standard physiotherapy, supplemented by training on the HP Cosmos system with elements of biofeedback. The effectiveness was assessed before and after the rehabilitation course using a set of validated tools: the SF-36 questionnaire, the ICF core domains, the WOMAC, Lequesne and Harris indices, and the visual analog pain scale.

Results. Analysis of the obtained data revealed a statistically significant improvement in all the parameters studied. A significant decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome and joint rigidity, an increase in the range of motion were noted. The indicators of physical and role functioning increased, and the general health improved. A significant result was the improvement in the patients’ ability to self-care and perform everyday tasks.

Discussion. The use of the HP Cosmos system with biofeedback allows optimizing the restoration of motor functions and accelerating the return of patients to full daily activity. An integrated approach to rehabilitation ensures not only physical recovery, but also has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of patients, which is important for overall satisfaction with the treatment results.

Conclusion. The introduction of a comprehensive rehabilitation program, including modern technologies of mechanotherapy and training with biofeedback, demonstrates high clinical effectiveness, promotes faster and better restoration of self-care skills and performance of everyday tasks, which improves the quality of life of patients in the postoperative period.

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