Post-COVID-19 syndrome from the perspective of nursing rehabilitation care: limitations of patients’ vital activity

Authors:

Bakhtina Irina Sergeevna, PhD in Medical sciences, Director of the Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education “The Saint-Petersburg Center of Postgraduate Medical Education under the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”, 41 Lunacharskogo Ave., 194291 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +79219074717; e-mail: ibakhtina@yandex.ru; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4046-0605.

Kalinina Svetlana Alekseevna, PhD in Medical sciences, lecturer, Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education “The Saint-Petersburg Center of Postgraduate Medical Education under the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”, 41 Lunacharskogo Ave., 194291 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +79668597425; e-mail: kalinina@spbcpo.ru; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1033-5210; SPIN: 6820-0533.

Garderobova Larisa Vladimirovna, PhD in Medical sciences, Deputy director for scientific and methodological work of the Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education “The Saint-Petersburg Center of Postgraduate Medical Education under the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”, 41 Lunacharskogo Ave., 194291 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +7911821857; e-mail: lvg@spbcpo.ru; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5191-8741; SPIN: 7611-8332.

Smirnova Svetlana Sergeevna, lecturer, Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education “The Saint-Petersburg Center of Postgraduate Medical Education under the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”, 41 Lunacharskogo Ave., 194291 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +7 (905) 266-15-47; e-mail: svet.smirnova.s@mail.ru

Gainutdinova Olga Valerievna, head of the Department of the organization of the educational process, Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education “The Saint-Petersburg Center of Postgraduate Medical Education under the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”, 41 Lunacharskogo Ave., 194291 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +7-911-923-20-04; e-mail: gainutdinova@spbcpo.ru

Balandina Irina Nikolaevna, head of practical training, lecturer, Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education “The Saint-Petersburg Center of Postgraduate Medical Education under the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”, 41 Lunacharskogo Ave., 194291 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9654-6387; tel.: +7 (921) 313-45-04; e-mail: irinabalandi@yandex.ru

Kolobanova Natalia Gennadievna, lecturer, Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education “The Saint-Petersburg Center of Postgraduate Medical Education under the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”, 41 Lunacharskogo Ave., 194291 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; tel.: +7 (921) 398-33-23; e-mail: kolobanova79@gmail.com

Annotation:

Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined by the high prevalence and social significance of the consequences of a new coronavirus infection, its long-term negative impact on the quality of life of convalescents.

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of disability in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and identify the targets — directions of nursing rehabilitation care in accordance with the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Materials and methods. To conduct the study, a special questionnaire was developed and in the period June-September 2021, a survey of patients who underwent COVID-19 during the year was carried out; in total, questionnaires from 496 respondents who performed a self-assessment of the severity of limitations of functioning, vital activity and health according to the “nursing” domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health were analyzed. The sample of respondents is presented as follows: men — 16.1 %, women — 83.9 %; vaccinated after infection — 49.6 %, vaccinated before infection — 5 %, not vaccinated — 45.4 %; persons who have manifestations of the post-COVID-19 syndrome — 83.7 %, persons who do not have manifestations of the post-COVID-19 syndrome — 16.1 %. Common complaints: disorders of the nervous system — 87.2 %; mental and behavioral disorders — 85.6 %; disorders of the cardiovascular (68.5 %), respiratory (55 %), digestive (57.9 %), genitourinary (45.3 %) systems.

Results and discussion. The consequences of a new coronavirus infection reduce the quality of life of patients. Among the respondents who complained of mental and behavioral disorders, 53.3 % noted mild impairments in the ability to work in a group, formulate ideas (by an average of 1.4 points); 47.6 % — a decrease in tolerance to intellectual loads (by an average of 1.6 points); mild (from 1.4 to 1.5 points) limitations of the ability to: reading (35.7 %), writing (26.7 %), computing (34.6 %), planning their day (39.4 %) and implementing the planned (55.9 %). Respondents reported difficulties in decision-making (47.4 %), adequate solution of simple (24.4 %) and complex problems (52.8 %). Moderate (by an average of 1.8 points) restrictions on the ability to drive a car (10.8 %) and travel by transport (12.3 %), pet care (15.8 %) were noted. Light restrictions related to the ability of respondents to take a bath or shower — in 13.4 %, toenail care — in 15.4 %, hair — in 11.9 %, washing individual body parts — in 8.3 %. Restriction of the ability to perform their work duties was noted in 35.3 % of convalescents, and men on average considered the restrictions more than moderate, women — rather light (2.1 and 1.5 points, respectively). A quarter of respondents experience restrictions when doing hobbies (on average 1.2 points), leisure activities are limited in 23.4 % (on average 1.4 points).

Conclusion. Post-COVID-19 syndrome leads to a change in the quality of life of patients, limits their everyday work activity and participation in society. The professional competencies of nurses as part of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team should be used and aimed at adapting patients to the changed opportunities and restoring significant activities for them. It is necessary to include the topic “Rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 syndrome” as a part in the programs of additional professional education of intermediate medical personnel in the specialities “Nursing” and “Rehabilitation nursing”.

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