ICF-profile of juvenile offenders: violations of structures and functions

Authors:

Sokurov Andrej Vladimirovich – Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Dr. Med. Sci.), Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of Additional Professional Education of the Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation, e-mail: ansokurov@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-2895.

Karpatenkova Oksana Vladimirovna – head of the medical department of the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders under the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, 54/3 Sedova Street, St. Petersburg, 192148, Russian Federation; e-mail: karpat-08@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-5950.

Khomin Vadim Ivanovich – physician-methodologist of the department (organization of educational work) of the educational and methodological department of the Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education “S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 6Zh Academician Lebedev Street, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Annotation:

Introduction. Scientific studies have established a relationship between health status and behavioral deviations in adolescents. A number of authors point to the specifics of morbidity, considered as biological predictors of delinquent behavior. The rehabilitation profile allows us to determine the leading biopsychosocial predictors of delinquent behavior for the primary prevention of unlawful behavior.

Aim. To determine the components of the ICF profile of juvenile offenders: functional disorders.

Materials and methods. In the period from 01/02/2021 to 08/02/2023, a survey of minors (n = 259) was conducted using a specially developed questionnaire. The respondents, with the consent of their legal representatives, were divided into 2 groups: the main group included adolescents placed in the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders by a court decision or a judge’s order (n = 150), the control group included adolescents who did not have a history of delinquent behavior (n = 109). The Center’s staff performed an ICF assessment on 66 domains of functions using a specially developed Map. The study was based on the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders at the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The methods of parametric statistics, relative, average values, and Spearman’s rank coefficient were used. Data processing was carried out using standard Microsoft Word and Excel programs (license No. 87573537).

Results. Based on the methods of expert rehabilitation diagnostics, an assessment of the domains of the basic set of the ICF for children with delinquent behavior was made. Functional impairments in juvenile offenders are represented by mental disorders (100.0%), pain syndrome (85.2%), skin barrier dysfunction (32.6%), tachycardia (26.6%), arterial hypotension (21.2%), tremor (14.6%), muscle cramps (9.2%) and underweight (9.9%). The most common and pronounced impairments are those of will (78.5%), temperament and personality functions (62.6%), impulse control (68.5%), high-level cognitive functions (62.6%), sleep (60.5%), attention span (56.5%), emotions (54.5%) and psychomotor control (45.2%).

Discussion. When analyzing the assessment of functional domains, it was found that impairments were more common among juvenile offenders. Regardless of behavior, the most common are mental disorders, 1.9 times more common in the main group. Pain syndrome in juvenile offenders was observed 1.3 times more often than in the control group, pain is more intense, localization is more diverse. They are also more likely to have urinary and endocrine system, dental and gastrointestinal tract dysfunctions; the prevalence of functional disorders of the cardiovascular system is higher.

Conclusion. Adolescents with behavioral deviations suffer from multiple and significantly pronounced functional mental disorders, pain syndrome, dental and gastrointestinal tract dysfunctions, cardiovascular, urinary and endocrine systems, and are characterized by disorders of the structure of teeth, lens, skin, limb bones, and spine. The formed ICF profile should be used in assessing the functioning, life activity and health of juvenile offenders, their routing for medical and social rehabilitation at the place of further stay.

List of cited literature:

1. Borschmann R, Janca E, Carter A, Willoughby M, et al. The health of adolescents in detention: a global scoping review. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Feb;5(2):e114-e126. DOI: 10.1016/82468-2667(19)30217-8.

2. Gonzalvo. G. Olivan .Adolescentes delincuentes: problemas de salud y recomendaciones sanitarias para centros de reforma juvenile. An Esp Pediatr. 2002 Oct;57(4):345-53.

3. Golzari M, Hunt 8J, Anoshiravani A. The health status of youth in juvenile detention facilities. J Adolesc Health. 2006 Jun;38(6):776-82. DOI: 10.1016/j. jadohealth.2005.06.008

4. Marmot M. 8ocial Justice, Epidemiology and Health Inequalities. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2017;32(7):537-546.

5. Tol’kova EI. Gigienicheskaya otsenka zdorov’ya i uslovii prebyvaniya detei i podrostkov s deviantnymi formami povedeniya v obrazovatel’nom uchrezhdenii zakrytogo tipa: avtoref. dis. . kan. med. nauk [Tolkova EI. Hygienic assessment of health and conditions of stay of children and adolescents with deviant forms of behavior in a closed-type educational institution: author’s abstract. dis. … cand. medical sciences]. Omsk: 2011. – 23 s. (In Russian).

6. Klinova MA. Psihicheskoe zdorov’e podrostkov Zabajkal’skogo kraya, sovershivshih protivopravnye dejstviya: avtoref. dis. . kan. med. nauk [Klinova MA. Mental health of adolescents in the Trans-Baikal region who have committed illegal actions: abstract of thesis. dis. … can. honey. 8ci.]. Tomsk: 2020. – 25 s. (In Russian).

7. Kotov VP, Golland VP, Mal’ceva MM, YAhimovich LA. Kriterii i obosnovanie differencirovannogo primeneniya prinuditel’nyh mer medicinskogo haraktera v otnoshenii lic s tyazhelymi psihicheskimi rasstrojstvami, sovershivshih obshchestvenno opasnye deyaniya: metodicheskie rekomendacii [Kotov VP, Golland VP, Maltseva MM, Yakhimovich LA. Criteria and justification for the differentiated use of compulsory medical measures in relation to persons with severe mental disorders who have committed socially dangerous acts: methodological recommendations]. Moskva: FGBU «GNCSSP im. V.P. Serbskogo» Minzdrava Rossii [Moscow: Federal State Budgetary Institution “GNTsSSP im. V.P. Serbsky” Ministry of Health of Russia], 2013. – 24 s. (In Russian).

8. Simaeva IN, Budarina AO, Khitryuk VV, Vaitkene OV Psikhologicheskie prediktory brodyazhnichestva podrostkov [Simaeva IN, Budarina AO, Khitryuk VV, Vaitkene OV. Psychological predictors of vagrancy in adolescents]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial’naya psikhologiya [Clinical and Special Psychology]. 2019;8(4):107-i22 (In Russian).

9. Ob utverzhdenii Poryadka organizatsii meditsinskoi reabilitatsii detei [On approval of the Procedure for the organization of medical rehabilitation of children].
Prikaz MZ RF ot 23 oktyabrya 2019 goda N 878n [Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of October 23, 2019 N 878n] Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/563862149 (accessed 20.08.2024). (In Russian).

10. Fizicheskaya i reabilitacionnaya medicina: nacional’noe rukovodstvo /Pod red. G. N. Ponomarenko [Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine: National Guidelines / Edited by GN Ponomarenko]. Moscow: GEOTARMedia. 2025. 704 p. (In Russian).

11. Kovlen DV, Adkhamov BM, Merzlikin AV, Ponomarenko GN. Razrabotka klinicheskikh rekomendatsii po fizicheskoi i reabilitatsionnoi meditsine: sovremennoe sostoyanie voprosa
[Development of clinical recommendations in physical and rehabilitation medicine: current state of the issue]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya [Modern problems of science and education]. 2017;(4):34. (In Russian).