ICF-profile of juvenile offenders: assessment of activity, participation and influence of environmental factors

Authors:

Sokurov Andrey Vladimirovich – Grand PhD in Medical Sciences (Dr. Med. Sci.), Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of Additional Professional Education, Аlbrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: ansokurov@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-2895.

Karpatenkova Oksana Vladimirovna – Head of the medical department of the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders under the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, 54/3 Sedova Street, 192148 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: karpat-08@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-5950.

Annotation:

Introduction. Many authors have established a relationship between state of health, vital activity, influence of environmental factors and behavior of a child. Family and social status, traumatic brain injuries, mental disorders are considered as biopsychosocial predictors of delinquent behavior in minors, which requires systematic comprehensive rehabilitation as a prevention of criminal behavior. Juvenile offenders should be routed based on the ICF assessment and the court decision.

Aim. To determine the components of the ICF profile of juvenile offenders: limitation of activity and participation in society, the influence of environmental factors.

Materials and methods. In the period from 01/02/2021 to 08/02/2023, a survey of minors placed in the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders (n = 259) was conducted using a specially developed questionnaire. Based on the methods of expert-rehabilitation diagnostics, a categorical and dimensional assessment was made using the ICF determinants. A total of 13 activity domains and 17 domains of environmental factors were assessed. The main group included 150 people placed in the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders by a court decision or a judge’s order, the control group – 109 minors who did not have a history of delinquent behavior. The study was based on the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders at the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The methods of parametric statistics, relative, average values, Spearman’s rank coefficient were used. Data processing was carried out using standard Microsoft Word and Excel programs (license No. 87573537).

Results. The limitations of activity and participation related to obtaining secondary general (78.1 %) or secondary specialized (9.9 %) education, organizing and conducting leisure time (100.0 %), overcoming stress (100.0 %), caring for one’s health (76.3 %), making decisions (81.9 %), solving problems (72.2 %), maintaining family (81.4 %), friendly (27.2 %) and formal (29.3 %) relationships, and holding discussions (40.6 %) were identified. Barriers to medical, psychological and social rehabilitation were represented by psychoactive substances (74.2 %), food (33.3 %), clothing (13.2 %), family members (from 30.5 % to 13.3 %) and their individual attitudes (66.5 %).

Discussion. When analyzing the assessment of the domains of activity and participation in social life, it was found that the greatest difficulties are caused by caring for one’s health and organizing leisure time, overcoming stress and adapting to negative changes. Reliably more often in the main group, there were limitations in the ability to solve emerging problems and make decisions, maintain a daily routine and observe social norms of behavior. Among juvenile offenders, limitations in communication and the ability to maintain interpersonal relationships are more common. Barriers to medical and social rehabilitation included alcohol, psychoactive substances, poor-quality food, and living conditions. Positive environmental factors include health workers, inspectors, teachers, grandparents, and pets. Juvenile offenders had stronger friendships, although friends and their individual attitudes contributed to delinquent and unhealthy behavior. In the main group, parents were more often considered as barrier environmental factors, with the mother’s negative influence being more pronounced, and the father’s influence being more common.

Conclusion. The rehabilitation profile of a juvenile offender is a set of selected ICF domains, including limitations in the ability to study in a comprehensive school, organize leisure time and health-preserving behavior, maintain family and friendly relations. The formed ICF profile should be used when working with juvenile offenders, their routing for medical and social rehabilitation at their place of further stay.

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