Kolyuka Olga Evgenievna – Senior Researcher of the Department for monitoring the observance of the rights of disabled people of the Institute for Rehabilitation and Habilitation of Disabled People, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Center for Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: problemkom@mail.ru; https://orchid.org/0000-0003-0199-4679.
Kantemirova Raisa Kantemirova – Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Dr. Med. Sci.), Head of the Adult Department of Somatic Rehabilitation of the Clinic, Head of the Department of Therapy of the Institute of Additional Professional Education, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: terapium@yandex. ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1287-486X.
Chernyakina Tatiana Sergeevna – Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Dr. Med. Sci.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Monitoring the Observance of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of Institute of Rehabilitation and Habilitation of the Disabled, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Professor of the Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Protection, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 47 Piskarevsky Ave., 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: maimulovt@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2854-3248.
In the heading: Original researches
Year: 2024 Volume: 6 Journal number: 3
Pages: 85-100
Article type: scientific and practical
UDC: 613.98
DOI: 10.26211/2658-4522-2024-6-3-85-100
Introduction. The modern concept of disability is based on a comprehensive assessment of the state of health and the degree of disability. The methodology of medical and social expertise takes into account the leading provisions of clinical medicine, social hygiene, physiology and psychology of work, sociology, medical and social psychiatry, etc.
The methods of ophthalmological examination currently used in medical and specialized ophthalmological bureaus of the medical and social expretise in people with visual impairment often provide insufficient information to identify the functional capabilities of their work, especially in jobs that require intense visual load. The data of electrophysiological studies can be used to determine the state of life and the adequacy of physical and neuropsychic stress in persons with visual impairment, the development of a rehabilitation prognosis, which will contribute to the prevention of disability.
Aim. Analysis and evaluation of indicators obtained using electrophysiological research methods in people of working age and the elderly due to impaired visual functions.
Materials and methods. For the study of visual functions, psychophysiological methods approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia and devices certified in the manner prescribed by law were used. Management of the process of research and processing of diagnostic information was carried out in standard laboratory conditions using the multifunctional diagnostic computer equipment “Neuro-MVP”.
Results. The parameters of electrophysiological research methods of a contingent of able-bodied and elderly people due to impaired visual functions were studied.
Discussion. There is a lot of data from world scientific research conducted on the principles of evidence-based medicine, showing that early detection and correction of the main causes that contribute to the development of the disease significantly reduce its frequency and development of complications. The quantitative indicators obtained during the examination of persons with impaired visual functions indicate that, to one degree or another, almost all indicators of additional research methods differ from the norm indicators, and this indicates ongoing violations of interreceptor interaction in different layers of the retina.
Conclusion. The missing information obtained in the form of indicators of electrophysiological studies objectively confirms the change in the functionality of the visual analyzer in the studied contingent of individuals due to ophthalmopathology, reliably confirms the involvement of the visual pathway in the neurodegenerative process, and substantiates life limitations.
Keywords: disabled person, electrophysiological research methods and indicators, ICF, labor opportunities, MSE, visual impairment
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