Deliquent activity of juveniles offenders: professionally important competencies of specialists

Authors:

Sokurov Andrej Vladimirovich — Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Dr. Med. Sci.), Professor, director of the Institute of Additional Professional Education, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: ansokurov@yandex.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-0240.

Karasaeva Lyudmila Alekseevna — Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Dr. Med. Sci.), Professor, head of the Department of Healthcare Organization and Medical and Social Expertise, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: spbipde@mail.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-0240.

Karpatenkova Oksana Vladimirovna — head of the medical department of the Center for the temporary detention of juvenile offenders at the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, 54 Sedova Street, Bldg 3, 192148 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: karpat-08@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-5950.

Annotation:

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the continuing delinquent activity of minors. In the first half of 2023 alone, every 38th crime was committed by minors or with their participation, of which 5,924 were grave and especially grave. The health status and lifestyle characteristics of children with behavioral deviations place special demands on the training of personnel at temporary detention centers for juvenile offenders and specialized closed educational institutions.

Aim. To identify professionally important competencies in the field of medical knowledge of employees working with juvenile offenders.

Materials and methods. A survey of employees of the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders and police departments of St. Petersburg was conducted to determine professionally important competencies in the field of medical knowledge (n = 63) and a survey of minors placed in the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders in order to determine the needs for first aid and medical care, social rehabilitation (n = 250). The morbidity rate of juvenile offenders placed in a temporary detention center in the period from 2015 to 2022 was analyzed by copying data from the medical records of the institution (n = 1100).
The survey of employees of the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders and police officers was carried out using a survey method on the Yandex electronic platform using a specially designed form in the period from 01/02/2023 to 08/02/2023. The survey of minors was carried out using a questionnaire using a specially designed form on paper and covered the period from 01/02/2021 to 08/02/2023.

Results. In the structure of morbidity among juvenile offenders, mental and behavioral disorders occupy 44.1 %, dental diseases — 16.2 %, diseases of the musculoskeletal system — 9.9 %, nervous system — 7.1 %, infectious diseases — 6.0 %, diseases of cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and digestive systems — 3.1 % each, diseases of the urinary system — 2.8 %, skin — 1 %. According to anamnestic data, minors suffered during their lives injuries (88.9 %), poisoning (55.6 %), panic attacks (33.3 %), psychomotor agitation and burns (18.5 each), convulsions (11.1 %), incomplete suicides (7.1 %) and fainting (3.7 %). In total, 26.4 % of employees of temporary detention centers for juvenile offenders underwent specialized medical training during their service, 41.8 % of respondents completed first aid courses, 26.3 % studied the basics of medical knowledge in civilian educational organizations, 10.5 % did not undergo training. employees. Respondents experienced psychomotor agitation (55.6 %), burns and frostbite (52.3 %), panic attacks (35.6 %), wounds (5.6 %), and fractures (12.5 %). 24.0 % of respondents were able to provide assistance with a convulsive attack, with a fracture — 15.8 %, bleeding — 29.1 %, burns — 38.0 %, frostbite — 43.8 %, fainting — 12.0 %, psychomotor agitation — 85.7 %, panic attack — 42.1 %, stupor — 52.9 %. 18.3 % of employees are able to carry out quarantine measures, carry out disinfection — 25.0 %; 28.6 % of respondents are familiar with the basics of environmental therapy. A desire to improve their qualifications on issues of medical and social rehabilitation of children and adolescents was expressed by 59 % of respondents.

Discussion. The reduction in the staff of medical units of temporary detention centers for juvenile offenders leads to a limitation in the availability of medical care for this category of children and adolescents. All employees working with minors with deviant behavior must not only provide first aid, but also take part in the process of medical and social rehabilitation. Expanding the professional competencies of employees in the field of medical knowledge should be ensured by professional training and advanced training programs that take into account the specifics of the health status and life activity of juvenile offenders.
Existing programs for basic training, professional retraining and advanced training for teachers and police officers have semantic and methodological defects, including outdated recommendations for first aid and the lack of modules on medical and social rehabilitation. Based on a survey of employees of the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders, an analysis of morbidity and health characteristics of children with behavioral deviations, a modular retraining program for specialists was developed. It included blocks on the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime, psychiatry and necrology, first aid for exposure to environmental factors and major therapeutic diseases, environmental therapy and the principles of medical and social rehabilitation.

Conclusion. The retraining program for employees working with juvenile offenders should include the basics of medical and social rehabilitation, environmental therapy, security and an in-depth course in first aid, including psychiatry and addiction medicine. This will help improve the quality of assistance to children with deviant behavior and members of their families, as well as the successful rehabilitation and resocialization of juvenile offenders and their integration into society.

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