Comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation

Authors:

Gennadiy Ponomarenko, Honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, MD, professor, General director of Federal Scientific Center of Rehabilitation of the Disabled named after G.A. Albrecht

Oksana Vladimirova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of Institute of rehabilitation and abilitation of Federal Scientific Center of Rehabilitation of the Disabled named after G.A. Albrecht

Annotation:

Background and aim. In order to prove scientifically the development of the system of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities in regions of the Russian Federation, the indicators of the number, level and structure of general disability in the Russian Federation we analysed current Russian and international documents according to the official statistics and taking into account the ICF biopsychosocial model of disability. Statistical data for calculations were used from Rosstat, the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation and the Federal Register of Disabled People.

Results. Every year more than 2 million individual rehabilitation and habilitation programmes are developed for adults with disabilities in the Russian Federation. Assessing the needs of people with disabilities in comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation in regions of the Russian Federation is a multi-step process. It takes place at three levels: in federal institutions of medical and social expertise (MSE), where experts develop an individual programme of rehabilitation and habilitation. Next level is in authorities of a region of the Russian Federation, based on extracts from the individual programme, and the last level is in rehabilitation institutions of various organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership while carrying out the measures. Comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation are distinguished by special methodological approaches to its organization. A human rights-based model of individual programme is being implemented in accordance with federal documents in the regions of the Russian Federation.
The participants in this model are the following: a) individual programme developer – federal government agencies for medical and social expertise; b) individual programme executor – the executive authorities of a region of the Russian Federation; c) individual programme measures performer – organizations that carry out activities for the rehabilitation or habilitation of persons with disabilities in the relevant field of activity of the executive authority.

Conclusion. A comprehensive rehabilitation model for the rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities is based on indicators of functioning, activity and environmental factors. The development of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities involves the definition and delimitation of powers between the federal institutions of the MSE, the executive authorities of a region of the Russian Federation and the executive authorities of the municipality. The system of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities is subject to the joint jurisdiction of federal, regional and municipal authorities, as well as organizations regardless of their organizational and legal forms. At the same time, it should be noted that the powers of the authorities at various levels have not yet received the complete legal consolidation. It is necessary to adjust the national strategies and programmes that provide for the duties of the authorities to protect and promote the rights of persons with disabilities in order to develop preventive, rehabilitative and medical-social directions in the interests of elderly persons.

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