Legal and organizational aspects of improving the institute of social rehabilitation of disabled people in the Russian Federation

Authors:

Raduto Vladimir Ivanovich, senior researcher of the Department for monitoring the observance of the rights of persons with disabilities of the Institute for Rehabilitation and Habilitation of Persons with Disabilities of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht” of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: radutoy@mail.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-1202.

Chernyakina Tatyana Sergeevna, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor, head of the Department for monitoring the observance of the rights of persons with disabilities of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht” of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: maimulovt@ mail.ru; Professor of the Department of preventive medicine and health protection of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 47 Piskarevsky Ave., 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: Tatyana.Chernyakina@szgmu.ru, phone: +7 (950) 028-61-93; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2854-3248.

Svintsov Alexander Anatolyevich, PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Institute for Rehabilitation and Habilitation of Disabled People of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht” of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Associate Professor of the Department of geriatrics and nursing of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 47 Piskarevsky Ave., 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: aleksv53@yandex.ru

Shestakov Vladimir Petrovich, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor, head of the scientific direction of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht” of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: Schestakov.V.P@ayndex.ru

Kolyuka Olga Evgenievna, senior researcher of the Department for monitoring the observance of the rights of persons with disabilities of the Institute for Rehabilitation and Habilitation of Persons with Disabilities of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht” of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: problemkom@mail.ru; ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-4679.

Rocheva Yana Sergeevna, PhD in Sociological sciences, Associate Professor, leading researcher of the Department for monitoring the observance of the rights of persons with disabilities of the Institute for Rehabilitation and Habilitation of Persons with Disabilities of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht” of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Associate Professor, Department of public relations, St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University “LETI” named after V.I. Lenin, 5 Professora Popova Street, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: rocheva_yana@mail.ru; ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-8917.

Klimasheva Svetlana Borisovna, PhD in Medical sciences, therapist of the highest category, head of the Department of social and psychological rehabilitation of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht” of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, 50 Bestuzhevskaya Street, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, e-mail: Svetlana-klimasheva@yandex.ru

In the heading: Original researches

Year: 2022 Volume: 4 Journal number: 1 

Pages: 21-34

Article type: scientific and practical

UDC: 346.548:347.151

DOI: 10.26211/2658-4522-2022-4-1-21-34

Annotation:

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the significant number of persons recognized as disabled and in need of various social rehabilitation measures requiring regulatory legal regulation.
The Russian Federation, as a subject of international law, fulfills its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which obliges to take effective and appropriate measures to enable persons with disabilities to achieve and maintain maximum independence, full physical, mental, social and professional abilities and full inclusion and involvement in all aspects of life, including through the organization, strengthening and expansion of comprehensive habilitation and rehabilitation services and programs (paragraph 1 of Article 26).
To improve the institute of rehabilitation of the disabled, scientific research was directed on the following issues: compliance with the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of rehabilitation activities, as well as social services provided; legislative and administrative regulation of the procedure for providing rehabilitation services to disabled people; provision of situational assistance to disabled people, legal and social support for families with disabilities (disabled children, including foster ones); improvement of organizational and legal measures for rehabilitation of disabled people in social protection institutions, regulation of organizational and legal bases of rehabilitation institutions for disabled people in the social service system.

Aim. The aim of the study is to identify the features and substantiate the need to improve the regulatory legal regulation of public relations, which determine the main approaches to the organization of social rehabilitation of disabled people in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The paper provides a retrospective analysis of international legal documents, federal and regional legislation, other regulatory legal acts, analysis of modern legal and organizational aspects of the functioning and improvement of the Institute of social rehabilitation. Methodological basis of the work: comparative legal, logical, historical research methods.

Results. Guarantees of social protection of disabled persons are established at the constitutional level. The analysis of the normative legal documents of the USSR showed that in 1990 a law was adopted in the country that outlined the legal basis for the rehabilitation of disabled people, including social rehabilitation, the presumption of the functioning of the organizational mechanism, including state and local government bodies, organizational and legal formations, including specialized enterprises and institutions for the provision of social services to disabled people.
In accordance with the law of 1995, social rehabilitation included socio-environmental orientation and social adaptation, and since 2003, the law has changed the directions of social rehabilitation of disabled people, its components are designated socio-environmental, socio-pedagogical, socio-psychological and socio-cultural rehabilitation, social adaptation, which led to a change in the list of services in the individual rehabilitation or habilitation program of a disabled person.
As part of the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the individual rehabilitation or habilitation program form indicates the presumption of giving an opinion on the possibility (impossibility) to carry out self-care and lead an independent lifestyle in relation to a disabled person living in a social service organization and receiving social services in a stationary form of social services, as well as recommendations on equipping a living space occupied by a disabled person with special means and adaptations.
In order to realize the rights of persons with disabilities to lead an independent lifestyle, national standards have been updated and approved in the field of designating: services for social and psychological rehabilitation of disabled people, social and household adaptation of disabled people due to combat operations and military trauma, communicative rehabilitation services for citizens with disabilities, social hospital-substituting services for elderly citizens and disabled people.
In the subjects of the Russian Federation, the norms of legislative acts indicate, in accordance with federal legislation, the directions of social rehabilitation of disabled people. However, to date, model programs of socio-environmental, socio-pedagogical, socio-psychological rehabilitation and social adaptation have not been approved at the federal level, which does not contribute to effective social rehabilitation of disabled people.

Conclusion. The implementation of international norms into Russian legislation is mainly due to the accession of the Russian Federation to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the fulfillment of obligations in accordance with the norms of which should be systematic. At the present stage, the full and effective involvement and inclusion of persons with disabilities in society (paragraph “c” of Article 3 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) should contribute to improving the functioning of the institute of social rehabilitation of persons with disabilities (regulation of the principles of early initiation, rehabilitation, routing, multidisciplinary, continuity at all stages of providing services to a disabled person, a disabled child). In order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the norms of the Convention, an interconnected and mutually conditional regulation of public relations in the field of the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities to an independent lifestyle, as well as support for families with disabilities in the field of rehabilitation and habilitation is necessary.

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38. Ob organizacii deyatel’nosti sluzhby «Social’noe taksi» v uchrezhdeniyah social’nogo obsluzhivaniya, podvedomstvennyh Ministerstvu truda i social’nogo razvitiya Respubliki Adygeya [On the organization of the Social Taxi service in social service institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Republic of Adygea]. Prikaz Ministerstva truda i social’nogo razvitiya Respubliki Adygeya ot 7 aprelya 2015 g. № 84 [Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Republic of Adygea No. 84 of April 7, 2015]. Available at: http://www. adygheya.ru. (accessed 23.04.2021). (In Russian).

39. Ob utverzhdenii Poryadka organizacii medicinskoj reabilitacii vzroslyh [On approval of the Procedure of organization of medical rehabilitation for adults]. Prikaz Minzdrava Rossii ot 31 iyulya 2020 g. N 788n [The order of the Ministry of health of Russia dated July 31, 2020. N 788н]. Available at: URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru. (accessed 25.09.2020). (In Russian).

40. Ob utverzhdenii Poryadka organizacii medicinskoj reabilitacii detej [On approval of the Procedure of
organization of medical rehabilitation of children]. Prikaz Minzdrava Rossii ot 23 oktyabrya 2019 g. N 878n [The order of the Ministry of health of Russia dated 23 Oct 2019. N 878н]. Available at: http://www.pravo.gov. ru. (accessed 24.12.2019). (In Russian).

41. Ob utverzhdenii professional’nogo standarta «Specialist po reabilitacionnoj rabote v social’noj sfere» [On the approval of the professional standard «Specialist in rehabilitation work in the social sphere»]. Prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 18 iyunya 2020 g. № 352n [Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated June 18, 2020 No. 352n. Available at: http://www.pravo.gov.ru. (accessed 20.07.2020). (In Russian).

42. Ob utverzhdenii professional’nogo standarta «Soprovozhdayushchij invalidov, lic s ogranichennymi vozmozhnostyami zdorov’ya i nesovershennoletnih» [On the approval of the professional standard «Accompanying persons with disabilities, persons with disabilities and minors»]. prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 16 noyabrya 2015 g. № 871n [order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 16, 2015 No. 871n]. Available at: http://www.pravo.gov.ru. (accessed 18.12.2015). (In Russian).

43. Ob utverzhdenii professional’nogo standarta «Social’nyj rabotnik» [On the approval of the professional standard «Social worker»]. Prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 18 iyunya 2020 g. № 354n [Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated June 18, 2020 No. 354n]. Available at: http://www. pravo.gov.ru. (accessed 20.07.2020). (In Russian).

44. Ob utverzhdenii professional’nogo standarta «Psiholog v social’noj sfere» [On the approval of the professional standard «Psychologist in the social sphere»]. prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 18 noyabrya 2013 g. № 682n [order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 18, 2013 No. 682n]. «Rossijskaya gazeta». 15 yanvarya 2014;6 [«Rossiyskaya Gazeta». January 15, 2014;6]. (In Russian).

45. Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o tekhnologii social’nogo obsluzhivaniya «Reabilitacionnyj centr na domu» [On the approval of the Regulation on the technology of social services «Rehabilitation center at home»]. rasporyazhenie Departamenta social’nogo razvitiya Tyumenskoj oblasti ot 3 iyulya 2019 g. № 14-r [order of the Department of social development of the Tyumen region dated July 3, 2019 No. 14-r]. Available at: http://www.admtyumen.ru. (accessed 03.07.2019). (In Russian).

46. Ob utverzhdenii Kompleksa mer po razvitiyu tekhnologij, al’ternativnyh predostavleniyu uslug v stacionarnoj forme social’nogo obsluzhivaniya detyam-invalidam i detyam s ogranichennymi vozmozhnostyami zdorov’ya na territorii Novosibirskoj oblasti, na 20202021 gody [On approval of the Complex of measures for the development of technologies, alternative to the provision of services in stationary form of social services to children with disabilities and children with disabilities in the Novosibirsk region, for 20202021]. Prikaz Mintruda i socrazvitiya Novosibirskoj oblasti № 54, Minzdrava Novosibirskoj oblasti № 112, Minobrazovaniya Novosibirskoj oblasti № 167 ot 23 yanvarya 2020 g [Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Novosibirsk Region No. 54, Ministry of Health of the Novosibirsk Region No. 112, Ministry of Education of the Novosibirsk Region No. 167 of January 23, 2020].Available at: http://www.pravo.gov. ru. (accessed 23.01.2020). (In Russian).

47. Ob utverzhdenii Plana meropriyatij («dorozhnoj karty») po razvitiyu v Primorskom krae stacionarozameshchayushchih tekhnologij social’nogo obsluzhivaniya grazhdan, stradayushchih psihicheskimi rasstrojstvami, na 2019 — 2024 gody [On the approval of the Action Plan («road map») for the development in the Primorsky Territory of hospitalreplacing technologies for social services for citizens suffering from mental disorders for 2019-2024]. prikaz departamenta truda i social’nogo razvitiya Primorskogo kraya ot 4 sentyabrya 2019 g. № 520, departamenta obrazovaniya i nauki Primorskogo kraya ot 4 sentyabrya 2019 g. № 1271-a, departamenta
zdravoohraneniya Primorskogo kraya ot 3 sentyabrya 2019 g. № 18/pr/915 [order of the Department of Labor and Social Development of the Primorsky Territory No. 520 dated September 4, 2019, Department of Education and Science of Primorsky Territory dated September 4, 2019 No. 1271-a, Department of Health of Primorsky Territory dated September 3, 2019 No. 18 / pr / 915]. Available at: https://docs.cntd. ru/document/561609062. (accessed 30.05.2021). (In Russian).

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